CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION: CHAPTER II: ROMAN RELIGIOUS POLICY: Exclusive character of Roman citizenship -- Roman religion in relation to citizenship -- The problem of new divinities -- The private citizen and the worship of unauthorized divinities -- Existence of a law punishing such worship is disputed -- The persecution of Christianity in relation to previous persecutions -- The crime of Lese Religion -- question of its existence -- Conclusion: application to Judaism -- CHAPTER III: JUDEA: Judaism originally a national system rather than a religion -- Changes in character of Judaism resulting from its passage from East to West -- Effects of Faedus on Jews in Rome and in the East -- Existence of the Jewish "Nation" in the restricted sense of term -- CHAPTER IV: THE DIASPORA -- EAST AND WEST: National character of Jewish settlement in the Greek cities -- Jewish community in Rome compared with that of Alexandria or Antioch -- Effect of this political evolution on the social and religious life of the Jews -- CHAPTER V: JUDAISM AS A RELIGIO LICITA: Distinction between Religio Licita and Natio -- Theories of Mommsen and of Juster -- The Acta of Josephus -- Sources of Confusion: Religion and nation -- Fiscus Judaicus -- Meaning of term Religio Licita -- Christianity: basis of persecution religious as well as national -- CHAPTER VI: THE SNYAGOGUES AND THE COLLEGIA: Terms employed in descriptions of synagogues and collegia -- Resemblances between synagogues and collegia -- Differences between the Jewish associations of the East and the West -- Objections to the identification of collegia and synagogues -- The synagogues become centres of unrest at times -- CHAPTER VII: CONCLUSION.