Laws, explanations, and probability : The value of laws: explanation and prediction -- Induction and statistical probability -- Induction and logical probability -- The experimental method -- Measurement and quantitative language : Three kinds of concepts in science -- The measurement of quantitative concepts -- Extensive magnitudes -- Time -- Length -- Derived magnitudes and the quantitative language -- Merits of the quantitative method -- The magic view of language -- The structure of space : Euclid’s parallel postulate -- Non-Euclidean geometries -- Poincare versus Einstein -- Space in relativity theory -- Advantages of non-Euclidean physical geometry -- Kant’s synthetic A priori -- Causality and determinism : Causality -- Does causality imply necessity? -- The logic of causal modalities -- Determinism and free will -- Theoretical laws and theoretical concepts : Theories and nonobservables -- Correspondence rules -- How new empirical laws are derived from theoretical laws -- The Ramsey sentence -- Analyticity in an observation language -- Analyticity in a theoretical language -- Beyond determinism : Statistical laws -- Indeterminism in quantum physics.